ABSTRACT
The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is a submaximal index incorporating cardiovascular, peripheral, and pulmonary factors that determine the ventilatory response to exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous exercise training and interval exercise training on the OUES in patients with coronary artery disease. Thirty-five patients (59.3±1.8 years old; 28 men, 7 women) with coronary artery disease were randomly divided into two groups: continuous exercise training (n=18) and interval exercise training (n=17). All patients performed graded exercise tests with respiratory gas analysis before and 3 months after the exercise-training program to determine ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), respiratory compensation point, and peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2). The OUES was assessed based on data from the second minute of exercise until exhaustion by calculating the slope of the linear relation between oxygen uptake and the logarithm of total ventilation. After the interventions, both groups showed increased aerobic fitness (P<0.05). In addition, both the continuous exercise and interval exercise training groups demonstrated an increase in OUES (P<0.05). Significant associations were observed in both groups: 1) continuous exercise training (OUES and peak VO2 r=0.57; OUES and VO2 VAT r=0.57); 2) interval exercise training (OUES and peak VO2 r=0.80; OUES and VO2 VAT r=0.67). Continuous and interval exercise training resulted in a similar increase in OUES among patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that improvements in OUES among CAD patients after aerobic exercise training may be dependent on peripheral and central mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Therapy/methods , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Coronary Artery Disease/rehabilitation , Anaerobic Threshold/physiology , Program Evaluation/statistics & numerical data , Body Mass Index , Analysis of Variance , Ventricular Function, Left , Exercise Test/methods , Physical Exertion/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Human/methods , Hypertension/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The analysis of ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing has proven useful for assessing the presence and severity of cardiorespiratory diseases. During exercise, efficient pulmonary gas exchange is characterized by uniform matching of lung ventilation with perfusion. By contrast, mismatching is marked by inefficient pulmonary gas exchange, requiring increased ventilation for a given CO2 production. The etiology of increased and inefficient ventilatory response to exercise in heart disease is multifactorial, involving both peripheral and central mechanisms. Exercise training has been recommended as non-pharmacological treatment for patients with different chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. In this respect, previous studies have reported improvements in ventilatory efficiency after aerobic exercise training in patients with heart disease. Against this background, the primary objective of the present review was to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in abnormal ventilatory response to exercise, with an emphasis on both patients with heart failure syndrome and coronary artery disease. Secondly, special focus was dedicated to the role of aerobic exercise training in improving indices of ventilatory efficiency among these patients, as well as to the underlying mechanisms involved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Exercise/physiology , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Coronary Artery Disease/rehabilitation , Exercise Test , Exercise Therapy/methods , Heart Failure/rehabilitation , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito do laser de baixa potência (LLLT) na hiper-reatividade da traquéia de ratos Wistar macho(RTHR) depois da administração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Lipopolysaccharides , Low-Level Light Therapy , Lung Diseases , Methacholine Chloride , Pneumonia , Rats, Wistar , TracheaABSTRACT
The effects of Photodynamic Therapy using 2nd generation photosensitizers have been widely investigated aiming clinical application treatment of solid neoplasms. In this work, ultrastructure changes caused by the action of two 2nd generation photosensitizers and laser irradiation on CHO-K1 and HeLa (neoplastic) cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride, aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride and radiation from a semiconductor laser at a fluency of 0.5 J/cm2 (Power=26 mW; lambda=.670 nm) were used. The results showed induction of apoptosis. Such alterations where observed in HeLa but not in CHO-K1 cells after Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride (AlPcS4, photodynamic treatment. The Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPc) photodynamic treatment induced necrosis on the neoplastic cell line, and cytoplasm and nuclear alterations on the normal cell line.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cricetinae , Photochemotherapy/methods , Lasers , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovary/drug effects , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/physiology , Apoptosis/radiation effects , CHO Cells , Cytoplasm/drug effects , Cytoplasm/radiation effects , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Photic Stimulation/instrumentation , Photic Stimulation/methods , HeLa Cells , Indoles/pharmacology , Light , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/radiation effects , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , Necrosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/radiation effects , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Ovary/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto e desenvolvimento de um espectrofluorímetro para a obtenção de espectros de fluorescência e refletância difusa de tecidos biológicos em um tempo inferior a 1s. Para acessar a região da diagnose, o sistema utiliza um catéter a fibra óptica para excitação do tecido e captação da fluorescência emitida. O sistema é desenvolvido para aplicação em procedimentos clínicos in vivo, onde o tempo de realização do experimento é objetivo de extrema importância
Abstract- This work presents the project and development of a spectrofluorimeter in order to obtain the fluorescence spectra and diffuse reflectance from biological tissues with period of time below 1 s. The diagnose region is reached with an optical fiber catheter for tissue excitation and collection of the emitted fluorescence. This system is developed for in vivo clinicai applications, where duration of the experimental procedure is a very important parameter